TypeBox
JSON Schema Type Builder with Static Type Resolution for TypeScript
Install
Npm
$ npm install @sinclair/typebox --saveDeno
import { Static, Type } from 'npm:@sinclair/typebox'Esm
import { Static, Type } from 'https://esm.sh/@sinclair/typebox'Example
import { Static, Type } from '@sinclair/typebox'
const T = Type.Object({ // const T = {
x: Type.Number(), // type: 'object',
y: Type.Number(), // required: ['x', 'y', 'z'],
z: Type.Number() // properties: {
}) // x: { type: 'number' },
// y: { type: 'number' },
// z: { type: 'number' }
// }
// }
type T = Static<typeof T> // type T = {
// x: number,
// y: number,
// z: number
// }Overview
TypeBox is a runtime type builder that creates in-memory JSON Schema objects that can be statically inferred as TypeScript types. The schemas produced by this library are designed to match the static type assertion rules of the TypeScript compiler. TypeBox enables one to create a unified type that can be statically checked by TypeScript and runtime asserted using standard JSON Schema validation.
This library is designed to enable JSON schema to compose with the same flexibility as TypeScript's type system. It can be used as a simple tool to build up complex schemas or integrated into REST or RPC services to help validate data received over the wire.
License MIT
Contents
Usage
The following shows general usage.
import { Static, Type } from '@sinclair/typebox'
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Let's say you have the following type ...
//
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
type T = {
id: string,
name: string,
timestamp: number
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// ... you can express this type in the following way.
//
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
const T = Type.Object({ // const T = {
id: Type.String(), // type: 'object',
name: Type.String(), // properties: {
timestamp: Type.Integer() // id: {
}) // type: 'string'
// },
// name: {
// type: 'string'
// },
// timestamp: {
// type: 'integer'
// }
// },
// required: [
// 'id',
// 'name',
// 'timestamp'
// ]
// }
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// ... then infer back to the original static type this way.
//
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
type T = Static<typeof T> // type T = {
// id: string,
// name: string,
// timestamp: number
// }
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// ... then use the type both as JSON schema and as a TypeScript type.
//
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import { Value } from '@sinclair/typebox/value'
function receive(value: T) { // ... as a Static Type
if(Value.Check(T, value)) { // ... as a JSON Schema
// ok...
}
}Types
TypeBox types are JSON schema fragments that can be composed into more complex types. Each fragment is structured such that a JSON schema compliant validator can runtime assert a value the same way TypeScript will statically assert a type. TypeBox provides a set of Standard types which are used create JSON schema compliant schematics as well as an Extended type set used to create schematics for constructs native to JavaScript.
Standard Types
The following table lists the Standard TypeBox types. These types are fully compatible with the JSON Schema Draft 6 specification.
┌────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────┐
│ TypeBox │ TypeScript │ JSON Schema │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Any() │ type T = any │ const T = { } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Unknown() │ type T = unknown │ const T = { } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.String() │ type T = string │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Number() │ type T = number │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Integer() │ type T = number │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'integer' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Boolean() │ type T = boolean │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'boolean' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Null() │ type T = null │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'null' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Literal(42) │ type T = 42 │ const T = { │
│ │ │ const: 42, │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Array( │ type T = number[] │ const T = { │
│ Type.Number() │ │ type: 'array', │
│ ) │ │ items: { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Object({ │ type T = { │ const T = { │
│ x: Type.Number(), │ x: number, │ type: 'object', │
│ y: Type.Number() │ y: number │ required: ['x', 'y'], │
│ }) │ } │ properties: { │
│ │ │ x: { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ }, │
│ │ │ y: { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Tuple([ │ type T = [number, number] │ const T = { │
│ Type.Number(), │ │ type: 'array', │
│ Type.Number() │ │ items: [{ │
│ ]) │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ }, { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ }], │
│ │ │ additionalItems: false, │
│ │ │ minItems: 2, │
│ │ │ maxItems: 2 │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ enum Foo { │ enum Foo { │ const T = { │
│ A, │ A, │ anyOf: [{ │
│ B │ B │ type: 'number', │
│ } │ } │ const: 0 │
│ │ │ }, { │
│ const T = Type.Enum(Foo) │ type T = Foo │ type: 'number', │
│ │ │ const: 1 │
│ │ │ }] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.KeyOf( │ type T = keyof { │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x: number, │ anyOf: [{ │
│ x: Type.Number(), │ y: number │ type: 'string', │
│ y: Type.Number() │ } │ const: 'x' │
│ }) │ │ }, { │
│ ) │ │ type: 'string', │
│ │ │ const: 'y' │
│ │ │ }] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Union([ │ type T = string | number │ const T = { │
│ Type.String(), │ │ anyOf: [{ │
│ Type.Number() │ │ type: 'string' │
│ ]) │ │ }, { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ }] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Intersect([ │ type T = { │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x: number │ allOf: [{ │
│ x: Type.Number() │ } & { │ type: 'object', │
│ }), │ y: number │ required: ['x'], │
│ Type.Object({ │ } │ properties: { │
│ y: Type.Number() │ │ x: { │
│ ]) │ │ type: 'number' │
│ ]) │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ }, { │
│ │ │ type: 'object', |
│ │ │ required: ['y'], │
│ │ │ properties: { │
│ │ │ y: { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ }] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Composite([ │ type I = { │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x: number │ type: 'object', │
│ x: Type.Number() │ } & { │ required: ['x', 'y'], │
│ }), │ y: number │ properties: { │
│ Type.Object({ │ } │ x: { │
│ y: Type.Number() │ │ type: 'number' │
│ }) │ type T = { │ }, │
│ ]) │ [K in keyof I]: I[K] │ y: { │
│ │ } │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Never() │ type T = never │ const T = { │
│ │ │ not: {} │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Not( | type T = string │ const T = { │
| Type.Union([ │ │ allOf: [{ │
│ Type.Literal('x'), │ │ not: { │
│ Type.Literal('y'), │ │ anyOf: [ │
│ Type.Literal('z') │ │ { const: 'x' }, │
│ ]), │ │ { const: 'y' }, │
│ Type.String() │ │ { const: 'z' } │
│ ) │ │ ] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ }, { │
│ │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ }] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Extends( │ type T = │ const T = { │
│ Type.String(), │ string extends number │ const: false, │
│ Type.Number(), │ true : false │ type: 'boolean' │
│ Type.Literal(true), │ │ } │
│ Type.Literal(false) │ │ │
│ ) │ │ │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Extract( │ type T = Extract< │ const T = { │
│ Type.Union([ │ string | number, │ type: 'string' │
│ Type.String(), │ string │ } │
│ Type.Number(), │ > │ │
│ ]), │ │ │
│ Type.String() │ │ │
│ ) │ │ │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Exclude( │ type T = Exclude< │ const T = { │
│ Type.Union([ │ string | number, │ type: 'number' │
│ Type.String(), │ string │ } │
│ Type.Number(), │ > │ │
│ ]), │ │ │
│ Type.String() │ │ │
│ ) │ │ │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const U = Type.Union([ │ type U = 'open' | 'close' │ const T = { │
│ Type.Literal('open'), │ │ type: 'string', │
│ Type.Literal('close') │ type T = `on${U}` │ pattern: '^on(open|close)$' │
│ ]) │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
│ const T = Type │ │ │
│ .TemplateLiteral([ │ │ │
│ Type.Literal('on'), │ │ │
│ U │ │ │
│ ]) │ │ │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Record( │ type T = Record< │ const T = { │
│ Type.String(), │ string, │ type: 'object', │
│ Type.Number() │ number │ patternProperties: { │
│ ) │ > │ '^.*$': { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Partial( │ type T = Partial<{ │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x: number, │ type: 'object', │
│ x: Type.Number(), │ y: number │ properties: { │
│ y: Type.Number() | }> │ x: { │
│ }) │ │ type: 'number' │
│ ) │ │ }, │
│ │ │ y: { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Required( │ type T = Required<{ │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x?: number, │ type: 'object', │
│ x: Type.Optional( │ y?: number │ required: ['x', 'y'], │
│ Type.Number() | }> │ properties: { │
│ ), │ │ x: { │
│ y: Type.Optional( │ │ type: 'number' │
│ Type.Number() │ │ }, │
│ ) │ │ y: { │
│ }) │ │ type: 'number' │
│ ) │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Pick( │ type T = Pick<{ │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x: number, │ type: 'object', │
│ x: Type.Number(), │ y: number │ required: ['x'], │
│ y: Type.Number() │ }, 'x'> │ properties: { │
│ }), ['x'] | │ x: { │
│ ) │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Omit( │ type T = Omit<{ │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x: number, │ type: 'object', │
│ x: Type.Number(), │ y: number │ required: ['y'], │
│ y: Type.Number() │ }, 'x'> │ properties: { │
│ }), ['x'] | │ y: { │
│ ) │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Index( │ type T = { │ const T = { │
│ Type.Object({ │ x: number, │ type: 'number' │
│ x: Type.Number(), │ y: string │ } │
│ y: Type.String() │ }['x'] │ │
│ }), ['x'] │ │ │
│ ) │ │ │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const A = Type.Tuple([ │ type A = [0, 1] │ const T = { │
│ Type.Literal(0), │ type B = [2, 3] │ type: 'array', │
│ Type.Literal(1) │ type T = [...A, ...B] │ items: [ │
│ ]) │ │ { const: 0 }, │
│ const B = Type.Tuple([ │ │ { const: 1 }, │
| Type.Literal(2), │ │ { const: 2 }, │
| Type.Literal(3) │ │ { const: 3 } │
│ ]) │ │ ], │
│ const T = Type.Tuple([ │ │ additionalItems: false, │
| ...Type.Rest(A), │ │ minItems: 4, │
| ...Type.Test(B) │ │ maxItems: 4 │
│ ]) │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Object({ │ type T = { │ const R = { │
│ x: Type.Number(), │ x: number, │ $ref: 'T' │
│ y: Type.Number() │ y: number │ } │
│ }, { $id: 'T' }) | } │ │
│ │ │ │
│ const R = Type.Ref(T) │ type R = T │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
└────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────┘Extended Types
TypeBox provides several extended types that can be used to produce schematics for common JavaScript constructs. These types can not be used with standard JSON schema validators; but are useful to help frame schematics for RPC interfaces that may receive JSON validated data. Extended types are prefixed with the [Extended] doc comment for convenience. The following table lists the supported types.
┌────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────┐
│ TypeBox │ TypeScript │ Extended Schema │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Constructor([ │ type T = new ( │ const T = { │
│ Type.String(), │ arg0: string, │ type: 'object', │
│ Type.Number() │ arg1: number │ instanceOf: 'Constructor', │
│ ], Type.Boolean()) │ ) => boolean │ parameters: [{ │
│ │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ }, { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ }], │
│ │ │ return: { │
│ │ │ type: 'boolean' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Function([ │ type T = ( │ const T = { │
| Type.String(), │ arg0: string, │ type : 'object', │
│ Type.Number() │ arg1: number │ instanceOf: 'Function', │
│ ], Type.Boolean()) │ ) => boolean │ parameters: [{ │
│ │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ }, { │
│ │ │ type: 'number' │
│ │ │ }], │
│ │ │ return: { │
│ │ │ type: 'boolean' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Promise( │ type T = Promise<string> │ const T = { │
│ Type.String() │ │ type: 'object', │
│ ) │ │ instanceOf: 'Promise', │
│ │ │ item: { │
│ │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Uint8Array() │ type T = Uint8Array │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'object', │
│ │ │ instanceOf: 'Uint8Array' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Date() │ type T = Date │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'object', │
│ │ │ instanceOf: 'Date' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Undefined() │ type T = undefined │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'null', │
│ │ │ typeOf: 'Undefined' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.RegEx(/foo/) │ type T = string │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'string', │
│ │ │ pattern: 'foo' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Symbol() │ type T = symbol │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'null', │
│ │ │ typeOf: 'Symbol' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.BigInt() │ type T = bigint │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'null', │
│ │ │ typeOf: 'BigInt' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Void() │ type T = void │ const T = { │
│ │ │ type: 'null' │
│ │ │ typeOf: 'Void' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
└────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────┘Modifiers
TypeBox provides modifiers that allow schema properties to be statically inferred as readonly or optional. The following table shows the supported modifiers and how they map between TypeScript and JSON Schema.
┌────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────┐
│ TypeBox │ TypeScript │ JSON Schema │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Object({ │ type T = { │ const T = { │
│ name: Type.Optional( │ name?: string │ type: 'object', │
│ Type.String() │ } │ properties: { │
│ ) │ │ name: { │
│ }) │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Object({ │ type T = { │ const T = { │
│ name: Type.Readonly( │ readonly name: string │ type: 'object', │
│ Type.String() │ } │ properties: { │
│ ) │ │ name: { │
│ }) │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ }, │
│ │ │ required: ['name'] │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
│ const T = Type.Object({ │ type T = { │ const T = { │
│ name: Type.ReadonlyOptional( │ readonly name?: string │ type: 'object', │
│ Type.String() │ } │ properties: { │
│ ) │ │ name: { │
│ }) │ │ type: 'string' │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ } │
│ │ │ │
└────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────┘Options
You can pass JSON Schema options on the last argument of any type. Option hints specific to each type are provided for convenience.
// String must be an email
const T = Type.String({ // const T = {
format: 'email' // type: 'string',
}) // format: 'email'
// }
// Mumber must be a multiple of 2
const T = Type.Number({ // const T = {
multipleOf: 2 // type: 'number',
}) // multipleOf: 2
// }
// Array must have at least 5 integer values
const T = Type.Array(Type.Integer(), { // const T = {
minItems: 5 // type: 'array',
}) // minItems: 5,
// items: {
// type: 'integer'
// }
// }
Generic Types
Generic types can be created with generic functions constrained to type TSchema. The following creates a generic Vector<T> type.
import { Type, Static, TSchema } from '@sinclair/typebox'
const Vector = <T extends TSchema>(t: T) => Type.Object({ x: t, y: t, z: t })
const NumberVector = Vector(Type.Number()) // const NumberVector = {
// type: 'object',
// required: ['x', 'y', 'z'],
// properties: {
// x: { type: 'number' },
// y: { type: 'number' },
// z: { type: 'number' }
// }
// }
type NumberVector = Static<typeof NumberVector> // type NumberVector = {
// x: number,
// y: number,
// z: number
// }
const BooleanVector = Vector(Type.Boolean()) // const BooleanVector = {
// type: 'object',
// required: ['x', 'y', 'z'],
// properties: {
// x: { type: 'boolean' },
// y: { type: 'boolean' },
// z: { type: 'boolean' }
// }
// }
type BooleanVector = Static<typeof BooleanVector> // type BooleanVector = {
// x: boolean,
// y: boolean,
// z: boolean
// }The following creates a generic Nullable<T> type.
const Nullable = <T extends TSchema>(schema: T) => Type.Union([schema, Type.Null()])
const T = Nullable(Type.String()) // const T = {
// anyOf: [
// { type: 'string' },
// { type: 'null' }
// ]
// }
type T = Static<typeof T> // type T = string | nullReference Types
Reference types are supported with Type.Ref. The target type must specify a valid $id.
const T = Type.String({ $id: 'T' }) // const T = {
// $id: 'T',
// type: 'string'
// }
const R = Type.Ref(T) // const R = {
// $ref: 'T'
// }Recursive Types
Recursive types are supported with Type.Recursive
const Node = Type.Recursive(Node => Type.Object({ // const Node = {
id: Type.String(), // $id: 'Node',
nodes: Type.Array(Node) // type: 'object',
}), { $id: 'Node' }) // properties: {
// id: {
// type: 'string'
// },
// nodes: {
// type: 'array',
// items: {
// $ref: 'Node'
// }
// }
// },
// required: [
// 'id',
// 'nodes'
// ]
// }
type Node = Static<typeof Node> // type Node = {
// id: string
// nodes: Node[]
// }
function test(node: Node) {
const id = node.nodes[0].nodes[0].id // id is string
}Conditional Types
Conditional types are supported with Type.Extends, Type.Exclude and Type.Extract
// TypeScript
type T0 = string extends number ? true : false // type T0 = false
type T1 = Extract<string | number, number> // type T1 = number
type T2 = Exclude<string | number, number> // type T2 = string
// TypeBox
const T0 = Type.Extends(Type.String(), Type.Number(), Type.Literal(true), Type.Literal(false))
const T1 = Type.Extract(Type.Union([Type.String(), Type.Number()]), Type.Number())
const T2 = Type.Exclude(Type.Union([Type.String(), Type.Number()]), Type.Number())
type T0 = Static<typeof T0> // type T0 = false
type T1 = Static<typeof T1> // type T1 = number
type T2 = Static<typeof T2> // type T2 = string Template Literal Types
Template Literal types are supported with Type.TemplateLiteral
// TypeScript
type T = `option${'A'|'B'}` // type T = 'optionA' | 'optionB'
type R = Record<T, string> // type R = {
// optionA: string
// optionB: string
// }
// TypeBox
const T = Type.TemplateLiteral([ // const T = {
Type.Literal('option'), // pattern: '^option(A|B)$',
Type.Union([ // type: 'string'
Type.Literal('A'), // }
Type.Literal('B')
])
])
const R = Type.Record(T, Type.String()) // const R = {
// type: 'object',
// required: ['optionA', 'optionB'],
// properties: {
// optionA: {
// type: 'string'
// },
// optionB: {
// type: 'string'
// }
// }
// }
type T = Static<typeof T> // type T = 'optionA' | 'optionB'
type R = Static<typeof R> // type R = {
// optionA: string
// optionB: string
// }Indexed Access Types
Indexed Access types are supported with Type.Index
const T = Type.Object({ // type T = {
x: Type.Number(), // x: number
y: Type.String(), // y: string
z: Type.Boolean() // z: boolean
}) // }
const A = Type.Index(T, ['x']) // type A = T['x']
const B = Type.Index(T, Type.KeyOf(T)) // type B = T[keyof T]Rest Types
Rest parameters are supported with Type.Rest. This function is used to extract interior arrays from tuples to allow them to compose with the JavaScript spread operator .... This type can be used for tuple concatination and variadic function composition.
// TypeScript
type T = [number, number] // type T = [number, number]
type C = [...T, number] // type C = [number, number, number]
type F = (...param: C) => void // type F = (
// param0: number,
// param1: number,
// param2: number,
// ) => void
// TypeBox
const T = Type.Tuple([ // const T: TTuple<[
Type.Number(), // TNumber,
Type.Number() // TNumber,
]) // ]>
const C = Type.Tuple([ // const C: TTuple<[
...Type.Rest(T), // TNumber,
Type.Number() // TNumber,
]) // TNumber
// ]>
const F = Type.Function(Type.Rest(C), Type.Void()) // const F: TFunction<[
// TNumber,
// TNumber,
// TNumber
// ], TVoid>Unsafe Types
Use Type.Unsafe to create custom schematics with user defined inference rules.
const T = Type.Unsafe<string>({ type: 'number' }) // const T = {
// type: 'number'
// }
type T = Static<typeof T> // type T = stringThe Type.Unsafe type can be useful to express specific OpenAPI schema representations.
import { Type, Static, TSchema } from '@sinclair/typebox'
// Nullable<T>
function Nullable<T extends TSchema>(schema: T) {
return Type.Unsafe<Static<T> | null>({ ...schema, nullable: true })
}
const T = Nullable(Type.String()) // const T = {
// type: 'string',
// nullable: true
// }
type T = Static<typeof T> // type T = string | null
// StringEnum<string[]>
function StringEnum<T extends string[]>(values: [...T]) {
return Type.Unsafe<T[number]>({ type: 'string', enum: values })
}
const T = StringEnum(['A', 'B', 'C']) // const T = {
// enum: ['A', 'B', 'C']
// }
type T = Static<typeof T> // type T = 'A' | 'B' | 'C'Type Guards
TypeBox provides a TypeGuard module that can be used for reflection and asserting values as types.
import { Type, TypeGuard } from '@sinclair/typebox'
const T = Type.String()
if(TypeGuard.TString(T)) {
// T is TString
}Strict
TypeBox schemas contain the Kind and Modifier symbol properties. These properties are used for type composition and reflection. These properties are not strictly valid JSON schema; so in some cases it may be desirable to omit them. TypeBox provides a Type.Strict function that will omit these properties if necessary.
const T = Type.Object({ // const T = {
name: Type.Optional(Type.String()) // [Kind]: 'Object',
}) // type: 'object',
// properties: {
// name: {
// [Kind]: 'String',
// type: 'string',
// [Modifier]: 'Optional'
// }
// }
// }
const U = Type.Strict(T) // const U = {
// type: 'object',
// properties: {
// name: {
// type: 'string'
// }
// }
// }Values
TypeBox provides an optional utility module that can be used to perform common operations on JavaScript values. This module includes functionality to create, check and cast values from types as well as check equality, clone, diff and patch JavaScript values. This module is provided via optional import.
import { Value } from '@sinclair/typebox/value'Create
Use the Create function to create a value from a type. TypeBox will use default values if specified.
const T = Type.Object({ x: Type.Number(), y: Type.Number({ default: 42 }) })
const A = Value.Create(T) // const A = { x: 0, y: 42 }Clone
Use the Clone function to deeply clone a value
const A = Value.Clone({ x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 }) // const A = { x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 }Check
Use the Check function to type check a value
const T = Type.Object({ x: Type.Number() })
const R = Value.Check(T, { x: 1 }) // const R = trueConvert
Use the Convert function to convert a value into its target type if a reasonable conversion is possible.
const T = Type.Object({ x: Type.Number() })
const R1 = Value.Convert(T, { x: '3.14' }) // const R1 = { x: 3.14 }
const R2 = Value.Convert(T, { x: 'not a number' }) // const R2 = { x: 'not a number' }Cast
Use the Cast function to cast a value into a type. The cast function will retain as much information as possible from the original value.
const T = Type.Object({ x: Type.Number(), y: Type.Number() }, { additionalProperties: false })
const X = Value.Cast(T, null) // const X = { x: 0, y: 0 }
const Y = Value.Cast(T, { x: 1 }) // const Y = { x: 1, y: 0 }
const Z = Value.Cast(T, { x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 }) // const Z = { x: 1, y: 2 }Equal
Use the Equal function to deeply check for value equality.
const R = Value.Equal( // const R = true
{ x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 },
{ x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 }
)Hash
Use the Hash function to create a FNV1A-64 non cryptographic hash of a value.
const A = Value.Hash({ x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 }) // const A = 2910466848807138541n
const B = Value.Hash({ x: 1, y: 4, z: 3 }) // const B = 1418369778807423581nDiff
Use the Diff function to produce a sequence of edits to transform one value into another.
const E = Value.Diff( // const E = [
{ x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 }, // { type: 'update', path: '/y', value: 4 },
{ y: 4, z: 5, w: 6 } // { type: 'update', path: '/z', value: 5 },
) // { type: 'insert', path: '/w', value: 6 },
// { type: 'delete', path: '/x' }
// ]Patch
Use the Patch function to apply edits
const A = { x: 1, y: 2 }
const B = { x: 3 }
const E = Value.Diff(A, B) // const E = [
// { type: 'update', path: '/x', value: 3 },
// { type: 'delete', path: '/y' }
// ]
const C = Value.Patch<typeof B>(A, E) // const C = { x: 3 }Errors
Use the Errors function enumerate validation errors.
const T = Type.Object({ x: Type.Number(), y: Type.Number() })
const R = [...Value.Errors(T, { x: '42' })] // const R = [{
// schema: { type: 'number' },
// path: '/x',
// value: '42',
// message: 'Expected number'
// }, {
// schema: { type: 'number' },
// path: '/y',
// value: undefined,
// message: 'Expected number'
// }]Mutate
Use the Mutate function to perform a deep mutable value assignment while retaining internal references.
const Y = { z: 1 } // const Y = { z: 1 }
const X = { y: Y } // const X = { y: { z: 1 } }
const A = { x: X } // const A = { x: { y: { z: 1 } } }
Value.Mutate(A, { x: { y: { z: 2 } } }) // const A' = { x: { y: { z: 2 } } }
const R0 = A.x.y.z === 2 // const R0 = 2
const R1 = A.x.y === Y // const R1 = true
const R2 = A.x === X // const R2 = truePointer
Use ValuePointer to perform mutable updates on existing values using RFC6901 JSON Pointers.
import { ValuePointer } from '@sinclair/typebox/value'
const A = { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 }
ValuePointer.Set(A, '/x', 1) // const A' = { x: 1, y: 0, z: 0 }
ValuePointer.Set(A, '/y', 1) // const A' = { x: 1, y: 1, z: 0 }
ValuePointer.Set(A, '/z', 1) // const A' = { x: 1, y: 1, z: 1 }TypeCheck
TypeBox types target JSON Schema draft 6 so are compatible with any validator that supports this specification. TypeBox also provides a built in type checking compiler designed specifically for high performance compilation and value assertion.
The following sections detail using Ajv and TypeBox's compiler infrastructure.
Ajv
The following shows the recommended setup for Ajv.
$ npm install ajv ajv-formats --saveimport { Type } from '@sinclair/typebox'
import addFormats from 'ajv-formats'
import Ajv from 'ajv'
const ajv = addFormats(new Ajv({}), [
'date-time',
'time',
'date',
'email',
'hostname',
'ipv4',
'ipv6',
'uri',
'uri-reference',
'uuid',
'uri-template',
'json-pointer',
'relative-json-pointer',
'regex'
])
const C = ajv.compile(Type.Object({
x: Type.Number(),
y: Type.Number(),
z: Type.Number()
}))
const R = C({ x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 }) // const R = true TypeCompiler
The TypeBox TypeCompiler is a high performance JIT compiler that transforms TypeBox types into optimized JavaScript validation routines. The compiler is tuned for fast compilation as well as fast value assertion. It is designed to serve as a validation backend that can be integrated into larger applications; but can also be used as a general purpose validator.
The TypeCompiler is provided as an optional import.
import { TypeCompiler } from '@sinclair/typebox/compiler'Use the Compile(...) function to compile a type.
const C = TypeCompiler.Compile(Type.Object({ // const C: TypeCheck<TObject<{
x: Type.Number(), // x: TNumber;
y: Type.Number(), // y: TNumber;
z: Type.Number() // z: TNumber;
})) // }>>
const R = C.Check({ x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 }) // const R = trueUse the Errors(...) function to produce diagnostic errors for a value. The Errors(...) function will return an iterator that if enumerated; will perform an exhaustive check across the entire value and yield any error found. For performance, this function should only be called after failed Check(...). Applications may also choose to yield only the first value to avoid exhaustive error generation.
const C = TypeCompiler.Compile(Type.Object({ // const C: TypeCheck<TObject<{
x: Type.Number(), // x: TNumber;
y: Type.Number(), // y: TNumber;
z: Type.Number() // z: TNumber;
})) // }>>
const value = { }
const errors = [...C.Errors(value)] // const errors = [{
// schema: { type: 'number' },
// path: '/x',
// value: undefined,
// message: 'Expected number'
// }, {
// schema: { type: 'number' },
// path: '/y',
// value: undefined,
// message: 'Expected number'
// }, {
// schema: { type: 'number' },
// path: '/z',
// value: undefined,
// message: 'Expected number'
// }]Compiled routines can be inspected with the .Code() function.
const C = TypeCompiler.Compile(Type.String()) // const C: TypeCheck<TString>
console.log(C.Code()) // return function check(value) {
// return (
// (typeof value === 'string')
// )
// }TypeSystem
The TypeBox TypeSystem module provides functionality to define types above and beyond the Standard and Extended type sets as well as control various assertion polices. Configurations made to the TypeSystem module are observed by both TypeCompiler and Value modules.
The TypeSystem module is provided as an optional import.
import { TypeSystem } from '@sinclair/typebox/system'Types
Use the Type(...) function to create a custom type. This function will return a type factory function that can be used to construct the type. The following creates a Point type.
type PointOptions = { } // The Type Options
type PointType = { x: number, y: number } // The Static<T> Type
const Point = TypeSystem.Type<PointType, PointOptions>('Point', (options, value) => {
return (
typeof value === 'object' && value !== null &&
typeof value.x === 'number' &&
typeof value.y === 'number'
)
})
const T = Point()
type T = Static<typeof T> // type T = { x: number, y: number }
const R = Value.Check(T, { x: 1, y: 2 }) // const R = trueFormats
Use the Format(...) function to create a custom string format. The following creates a format that checks for lowercase strings.
TypeSystem.Format('lowercase', value => value === value.toLowerCase()) // format should be lowercase
const T = Type.String({ format: 'lowercase' })
const A = Value.Check(T, 'Hello') // const A = false
const B = Value.Check(T, 'hello') // const B = truePolicies
TypeBox validates using standard JSON Schema assertion policies by default. It is possible to override some of these policies to have TypeBox assert inline with TypeScript static assertion rules. The following policy overrides are available.
// Disallow undefined values for optional properties (default is false)
//
// const A: { x?: number } = { x: undefined } - disallowed when enabled
TypeSystem.ExactOptionalPropertyTypes = true
// Allow arrays to validate as object types (default is false)
//
// const A: {} = [] - allowed in TS
TypeSystem.AllowArrayObjects = true
// Allow numeric values to be NaN or + or - Infinity (default is false)
//
// const A: number = NaN - allowed in TS
TypeSystem.AllowNaN = true Benchmark
This project maintains a set of benchmarks that measure Ajv, Value and TypeCompiler compilation and validation performance. These benchmarks can be run locally by cloning this repository and running npm run benchmark. The results below show for Ajv version 8.12.0 running on Node 20.0.0.
For additional comparative benchmarks, please refer to typescript-runtime-type-benchmarks.
Compile
This benchmark measures compilation performance for varying types. You can review this benchmark here.
┌────────────────────────────┬────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐
│ (index) │ Iterations │ Ajv │ TypeCompiler │ Performance │
├────────────────────────────┼────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤
│ Literal_String │ 1000 │ ' 243 ms' │ ' 8 ms' │ ' 30.38 x' │
│ Literal_Number │ 1000 │ ' 195 ms' │ ' 5 ms' │ ' 39.00 x' │
│ Literal_Boolean │ 1000 │ ' 162 ms' │ ' 4 ms' │ ' 40.50 x' │
│ Primitive_Number │ 1000 │ ' 168 ms' │ ' 6 ms' │ ' 28.00 x' │
│ Primitive_String │ 1000 │ ' 164 ms' │ ' 5 ms' │ ' 32.80 x' │
│ Primitive_String_Pattern │ 1000 │ ' 214 ms' │ ' 9 ms' │ ' 23.78 x' │
│ Primitive_Boolean │ 1000 │ ' 132 ms' │ ' 4 ms' │ ' 33.00 x' │
│ Primitive_Null │ 1000 │ ' 148 ms' │ ' 4 ms' │ ' 37.00 x' │
│ Object_Unconstrained │ 1000 │ ' 1158 ms' │ ' 30 ms' │ ' 38.60 x' │
│ Object_Constrained │ 1000 │ ' 1263 ms' │ ' 25 ms' │ ' 50.52 x' │
│ Object_Vector3 │ 1000 │ ' 384 ms' │ ' 7 ms' │ ' 54.86 x' │
│ Object_Box3D │ 1000 │ ' 1932 ms' │ ' 27 ms' │ ' 71.56 x' │
│ Tuple_Primitive │ 1000 │ ' 478 ms' │ ' 14 ms' │ ' 34.14 x' │
│ Tuple_Object │ 1000 │ ' 1232 ms' │ ' 14 ms' │ ' 88.00 x' │
│ Composite_Intersect │ 1000 │ ' 671 ms' │ ' 17 ms' │ ' 39.47 x' │
│ Composite_Union │ 1000 │ ' 537 ms' │ ' 18 ms' │ ' 29.83 x' │
│ Math_Vector4 │ 1000 │ ' 816 ms' │ ' 14 ms' │ ' 58.29 x' │
│ Math_Matrix4 │ 1000 │ ' 417 ms' │ ' 6 ms' │ ' 69.50 x' │
│ Array_Primitive_Number │ 1000 │ ' 378 ms' │ ' 5 ms' │ ' 75.60 x' │
│ Array_Primitive_String │ 1000 │ ' 353 ms' │ ' 6 ms' │ ' 58.83 x' │
│ Array_Primitive_Boolean │ 1000 │ ' 279 ms' │ ' 5 ms' │ ' 55.80 x' │
│ Array_Object_Unconstrained │ 1000 │ ' 1794 ms' │ ' 20 ms' │ ' 89.70 x' │
│ Array_Object_Constrained │ 1000 │ ' 1586 ms' │ ' 19 ms' │ ' 83.47 x' │
│ Array_Tuple_Primitive │ 1000 │ ' 791 ms' │ ' 13 ms' │ ' 60.85 x' │
│ Array_Tuple_Object │ 1000 │ ' 1638 ms' │ ' 17 ms' │ ' 96.35 x' │
│ Array_Composite_Intersect │ 1000 │ ' 796 ms' │ ' 17 ms' │ ' 46.82 x' │
│ Array_Composite_Union │ 1000 │ ' 798 ms' │ ' 15 ms' │ ' 53.20 x' │
│ Array_Math_Vector4 │ 1000 │ ' 1127 ms' │ ' 14 ms' │ ' 80.50 x' │
│ Array_Math_Matrix4 │ 1000 │ ' 677 ms' │ ' 9 ms' │ ' 75.22 x' │
└────────────────────────────┴────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘Validate
This benchmark measures validation performance for varying types. You can review this benchmark here.
┌────────────────────────────┬────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐
│ (index) │ Iterations │ ValueCheck │ Ajv │ TypeCompiler │ Performance │
├────────────────────────────┼────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤
│ Literal_String │ 1000000 │ ' 24 ms' │ ' 5 ms' │ ' 4 ms' │ ' 1.25 x' │
│ Literal_Number │ 1000000 │ ' 21 ms' │ ' 17 ms' │ ' 10 ms' │ ' 1.70 x' │
│ Literal_Boolean │ 1000000 │ ' 19 ms' │ ' 19 ms' │ ' 10 ms' │ ' 1.90 x' │
│ Primitive_Number │ 1000000 │ ' 24 ms' │ ' 18 ms' │ ' 10 ms' │ ' 1.80 x' │
│ Primitive_String │ 1000000 │ ' 26 ms' │ ' 17 ms' │ ' 9 ms' │ ' 1.89 x' │
│ Primitive_String_Pattern │ 1000000 │ ' 159 ms' │ ' 45 ms' │ ' 36 ms' │ ' 1.25 x' │
│ Primitive_Boolean │ 1000000 │ ' 22 ms' │ ' 17 ms' │ ' 10 ms' │ ' 1.70 x' │
│ Primitive_Null │ 1000000 │ ' 23 ms' │ ' 17 ms' │ ' 9 ms' │ ' 1.89 x' │
│ Object_Unconstrained │ 1000000 │ ' 914 ms' │ ' 34 ms' │ ' 26 ms' │ ' 1.31 x' │
│ Object_Constrained │ 1000000 │ ' 1095 ms' │ ' 50 ms' │ ' 38 ms' │ ' 1.32 x' │
│ Object_Vector3 │ 1000000 │ ' 414 ms' │ ' 23 ms' │ ' 14 ms' │ ' 1.64 x' │
│ Object_Box3D │ 1000000 │ ' 1933 ms' │ ' 55 ms' │ ' 53 ms' │ ' 1.04 x' │
│ Object_Recursive │ 1000000 │ ' 4995 ms' │ ' 378 ms' │ ' 177 ms' │ ' 2.14 x' │
│ Tuple_Primitive │ 1000000 │ ' 168 ms' │ ' 24 ms' │ ' 13 ms' │ ' 1.85 x' │
│ Tuple_Object │ 1000000 │ ' 681 ms' │ ' 31 ms' │ ' 19 ms' │ ' 1.63 x' │
│ Composite_Intersect │ 1000000 │ ' 718 ms' │ ' 25 ms' │ ' 15 ms' │ ' 1.67 x' │
│ Composite_Union │ 1000000 │ ' 511 ms' │ ' 24 ms' │ ' 14 ms' │ ' 1.71 x' │
│ Math_Vector4 │ 1000000 │ ' 285 ms' │ ' 23 ms' │ ' 12 ms' │ ' 1.92 x' │
│ Math_Matrix4 │ 1000000 │ ' 1197 ms' │ ' 39 ms' │ ' 28 ms' │ ' 1.39 x' │
│ Array_Primitive_Number │ 1000000 │ ' 294 ms' │ ' 22 ms' │ ' 12 ms' │ ' 1.83 x' │
│ Array_Primitive_String │ 1000000 │ ' 251 ms' │ ' 22 ms' │ ' 14 ms' │ ' 1.57 x' │
│ Array_Primitive_Boolean │ 1000000 │ ' 131 ms' │ ' 22 ms' │ ' 14 ms' │ ' 1.57 x' │
│ Array_Object_Unconstrained │ 1000000 │ ' 5249 ms' │ ' 69 ms' │ ' 56 ms' │ ' 1.23 x' │
│ Array_Object_Constrained │ 1000000 │ ' 5299 ms' │ ' 127 ms' │ ' 123 ms' │ ' 1.03 x' │
│ Array_Object_Recursive │ 1000000 │ ' 19609 ms' │ ' 1711 ms' │ ' 608 ms' │ ' 2.81 x' │
│ Array_Tuple_Primitive │ 1000000 │ ' 734 ms' │ ' 38 ms' │ ' 30 ms' │ ' 1.27 x' │
│ Array_Tuple_Object │ 1000000 │ ' 2843 ms' │ ' 63 ms' │ ' 51 ms' │ ' 1.24 x' │
│ Array_Composite_Intersect │ 1000000 │ ' 2794 ms' │ ' 43 ms' │ ' 36 ms' │ ' 1.19 x' │
│ Array_Composite_Union │ 1000000 │ ' 1892 ms' │ ' 66 ms' │ ' 33 ms' │ ' 2.00 x' │
│ Array_Math_Vector4 │ 1000000 │ ' 1177 ms' │ ' 37 ms' │ ' 23 ms' │ ' 1.61 x' │
│ Array_Math_Matrix4 │ 1000000 │ ' 5115 ms' │ ' 110 ms' │ ' 85 ms' │ ' 1.29 x' │
└────────────────────────────┴────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘Compression
The following table lists esbuild compiled and minified sizes for each TypeBox module.
┌──────────────────────┬────────────┬────────────┬─────────────┐
│ (index) │ Compiled │ Minified │ Compression │
├──────────────────────┼────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│ typebox/compiler │ '127.1 kb' │ ' 56.7 kb' │ '2.24 x' │
│ typebox/errors │ '110.9 kb' │ ' 48.9 kb' │ '2.27 x' │
│ typebox/system │ ' 76.3 kb' │ ' 31.2 kb' │ '2.44 x' │
│ typebox/value │ '176.8 kb' │ ' 76.5 kb' │ '2.31 x' │
│ typebox │ ' 75.2 kb' │ ' 30.8 kb' │ '2.44 x' │
└──────────────────────┴────────────┴────────────┴─────────────┘Contribute
TypeBox is open to community contribution. Please ensure you submit an open issue before submitting your pull request. The TypeBox project preferences open community discussion prior to accepting new features.